00:00The Metropolitan Cathedral, Our Lady of Aparecida or simply Cathedral of Brasilia, is a Brazilian
00:12Catholic temple, in which the chair of the Archdiocese of Brasilia is located.
00:17Located in the federal capital, south of S1, on the Aixo Monumental, region of the Esplanada
00:23dos Ministérios.
00:25Metropolitan Cathedral of Brasilia The Cathedral and the Statues of the Four Evangelists.
00:31Architect Oscar Niemeyer Engineer Joaquim Cardoso beginning of construction September
00:3512, 1958 opening May 31.
00:391970 Its architecture was designed by Oscar Niemeyer and is sometimes considered his masterpiece,
00:45and it was thanks to it that the architect won the Pritzker Prize.
00:49Considered equivalent to the Nobel Prize for his profession, in 1988.
00:53The architect's regular collaborators also contributed to the project.
00:57The complex structural design was designed by engineer Joaquim Cardoso, who also designed
01:02other challenging projects in the new city, such as the National Congress Palace.
01:07Sixteen concrete columns weighing 90 tons each, parabolic pillars, rise from an area
01:12measuring 70 meters in diameter, in a hyperboloid shape.
01:17Cardoso's structural design reduced the number of columns and allowed the bases of the pillars
01:21to be thin, barely touching the ground.
01:24In addition to replacing what would have been a concrete belt joining the columns at the
01:28top with a slab placed somewhat lower than expected.
01:32The structural part was completed in 1960, two years after the cornerstone was laid on
01:37September 12, 1958.
01:40Marianne Peretti, a visual artist who also participated in several of Niemeyer's projects,
01:46was responsible for the current stained-glass windows.
01:49The work was fully completed and dedicated on May 31, 1970.
01:54The location of the cathedral was planned by Lucio Costa in his project for the pilot
01:58plan.
02:00According to Lucio, it should be located in an autonomous square for protocol reasons,
02:04physically symbolizing the secularity of the state and the separation between government
02:09and religion.
02:10Therefore outside the Procedos Tres Poderes, and also for reasons of scale, to enhance
02:15the monument and architectural order, keeping the perspective clear up to Marko Zero.
02:21At the intersection of the axes, therefore outside the central flowerbed of the Aixo
02:26Monumental.
02:27Once the location was decided, architect Oskar Niemeyer, according to himself, was inspired
02:33by the ancient masters who built cathedrals with giant domes using the structural resources
02:37available at the time.
02:39With reinforced concrete at his disposal, he designed a work in which the structure
02:44seems to ascend to the heavens, being formally simple, and compact and making the structural
02:48pillars the protagonists.
02:51He based the design of the cathedral on a hyperboloid structure.
02:55On a circular base three meters below ground, 21 boomerang-shaped columns would rise.
03:01With a concrete band joining them almost at the top.
03:03On top of it, an expressive metal cross.
03:06The enclosures would be made of curved glass, complementing the spaces between the pillars.
03:11The structural design by engineer Joaquim Cardozo reduced the number of pillars to 16,
03:17with thin bases and, on top, a slab placed somewhat lower than expected.
03:22The engineer also calculated the effect of wind loads on the stained glass windows and
03:26columns, an advanced calculation for the time.
03:29Structurally, the reinforced concrete belt at the top, approximately 6.8 meters in diameter,
03:36absorbs compression forces and is located on the pillars, not visible to visitors, the
03:40roof slab has no structural function, serving only as a seal.
03:45A second concrete belt is located on the ground, 60 meters in diameter.
03:50This belt is visible inside the building and serves to absorb tensile forces, acting as
03:55a tie and ensuring that the foundations receive only the vertical forces coming from the pillars.
04:01That is all.
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