- 1 year ago
Update on the Crystal Cell, highlighting the quantum critical nature of water being the possible source of energy in the Cell.
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00:00:00Hello, this is Markus Rieth speaking and Eckhard Kanz.
00:00:10We will give a presentation on the Rieth cell, sometimes called the crystal cell, and on
00:00:15quantum open systems.
00:00:17The crystal cell was a project that I began with in 1998, and now in 2023, we would like
00:00:26to give an update on the overall situation.
00:00:30So let's get started with a few informations that are around the area of the crystal cell.
00:00:40What we have here on the left hand side is a report from the Telegraph in 2003, and it
00:00:48shows a phenomenon in relation with water that points into an overunity situation.
00:00:55What is shown here is a container with water, and the water is diluted with potassium carbonate,
00:01:06and there are two electrodes.
00:01:08One is a tungsten electrode and one is a platinum electrode, and when a current is put through
00:01:14both electrodes, an anomalous efficient heating of the water occurs.
00:01:21And I will read this statement here from the Telegraph.
00:01:25In results independently verified at Bristol University, a team from Gardner-Watts, an
00:01:32environmental technology company based in Deadham, Essex, show a thermal energy cell
00:01:38which appears to produce hundreds of times more energy than that put into it.
00:01:45If the findings are correct and can be reproduced on a commercial scale, the thermal energy
00:01:50cell could become a feature of every home heating water for a fraction of the cost and
00:01:56cutting fuel bills by at least 90%.
00:02:01In the following years I have not heard an update from them, so I don't know what happened
00:02:07with it, but I have read about related experiments that also show an apparent highly efficient
00:02:17heating effect with water, that's why I'm presenting it here.
00:02:22Here on the right hand side we have a graph which is from Professor Gerald's book which
00:02:29is called The Fourth Phase of Water, a book that I can highly recommend.
00:02:35It is a great compilation on the special or unique properties of water, and what is found
00:02:45here on the left hand side on hydrophilic surfaces is that water gets a negative charge
00:02:52and this negatively charged water is called here EZ, and that stands for exclusion zone
00:03:01water.
00:03:02This exclusion zone water tends to push out positive protons away from the hydrophilic
00:03:10surface, making the water directly at the surface having a negative charge and the water
00:03:18which is a bit further away, let's say a millimeter or two, has a positive charge.
00:03:23And when two electrodes which are chemically inert are placed, one into the negative area,
00:03:30one to the positive area, a very weak electrical current can be drawn from it and that shows
00:03:39that water cannot only build up an electrical charge, however this energy generation, despite
00:03:50the fact it's small, is permanent.
00:03:54And the question is, where does the energy for this effect come from?
00:04:00Now in the relation with this I want to present an effect that I have developed here on the
00:04:09left hand side.
00:04:11From my view we are living in two domains, so to speak, and one domain is made up from
00:04:17these classical or thermal fluctuations and the other domain from quantum fluctuations
00:04:23and how quantum fluctuations affect our reality is seen at very low temperatures.
00:04:32But that doesn't mean that the quantum fluctuations play a role only at very low temperatures,
00:04:37they play a role until the so-called Debye temperature is reached.
00:04:43And the Debye temperature can be seen as a measure where the quantum fluctuations still
00:04:49have a certain, or let's say significant, influence upon phase transitions, for example,
00:04:56of molecules.
00:04:58And here is a statement from a paper that is called Nuclear Quantum Effects and Hydrogen
00:05:07Bond Fluctuations in Water from the University in California, Berkeley in 2013.
00:05:13I will read it.
00:05:15Here we show, using state-of-the-art techniques that allow for quantum mechanical effects
00:05:21in the motion of the electrons and nuclei, that room temperature water, and that is very
00:05:26important to me, we are speaking about room temperature water and not very cold water
00:05:33in form of ice or whatever.
00:05:35This water is not simply a molecular liquid.
00:05:40Its protons experience wild excursions along the hydrogen bond network that are driven
00:05:47by quantum fluctuations, which result in an unexpectedly large probability of transient
00:05:55auto-ionization events.
00:05:58So the key statement here, what are of importance, are that we have room temperature water and
00:06:05that the hydrogen bond oscillations are driven by quantum fluctuations.
00:06:11And that shows that water is actually a medium that can not only absorb thermal energy, but
00:06:21also energy from quantum fluctuations, and these quantum fluctuations determine the nature
00:06:27of the proton oscillation of the hydrogen nuclei.
00:06:33Now here on the right-hand side is another example from Professor Gerald Pollack, from
00:06:37his famous book, The Fourth Phase of Water, and here on the left-hand side he presents
00:06:42a bottle of water that can be put in a very dark environment, and the water in the bottle
00:06:52will radiate a very weak light.
00:06:56It's a steady light emission, it's so weak that you cannot see it with the naked eye,
00:07:01but it can be measured.
00:07:02And if you measure that bottle one year later, and during this year it has been permanently
00:07:09in a dark room, you will find that this water is still radiating a weak stream of photons.
00:07:18So the question is now, where does the energy come from these photons?
00:07:23Some assume water is absorbing electromagnetic energy from the environment and then giving
00:07:29it off again.
00:07:30For example, the ambient heat could be converted into radiation.
00:07:35However, in that case, one would expect a slight cooling of the water, and that could
00:07:41be measured calorimetrically.
00:07:45Such measurements are not known to me because the cooling in this case would be very weak,
00:07:50but that would be an interesting experiment to do.
00:07:54However, we did such experiments in relation with the crystal cell that point into that
00:07:59direction, where in the crystal cell we do not have a cooling under load.
00:08:04And here the statement by Professor Gerald Pollack, you might expect light output from
00:08:11some chemical reactions, but they are of course not there.
00:08:15But continuing for over a year, either some magic is at play or the aqueous solutions
00:08:22must continuously absorb incident energy and convert that energy into the practically
00:08:30unending photon energy output that is observed.
00:08:37No need to belabor the point.
00:08:39The water solution acts as a light bulb, delivering photonic energy practically endlessly.
00:08:47Now, my personal view on it is that water absorbs energy from quantum fluctuations,
00:08:54and this energy from quantum fluctuations is converted into electromagnetic energy,
00:09:00meaning into light photons.
00:09:04Okay, let's go on to the next slide.
00:09:07What we see here in the middle is a graph that I designed in 1998 or 1999.
00:09:18And at that time, I was still quite an outsider or newcomer to the topic.
00:09:25So I had a purely intuitive and maybe a pretty naive way of approaching the topic.
00:09:32And I came up with a simple picture that we have two different electrodes, an anode and a cathode,
00:09:40and that at these surfaces could be Schottky-like diode surfaces.
00:09:48If they are Schottky-like diodes, we don't know.
00:09:50But anyway, that's the picture I had.
00:09:52And so I started to experiment to put in a silicate structure that contains water.
00:10:00And when the water oscillates, charges like electrons should be moved back and forth.
00:10:11And when they jump over the diode barrier, which a diode is like a valve for electrons,
00:10:17then the electrons would get more and more on the cathode metal, having a surplus of electrons,
00:10:26and they would be then pushed by the electrical field that come from the electrons through the
00:10:32plus pole.
00:10:34And there we have a Schottky diode-like surface where the diode is facing,
00:10:41or the valve is facing into the other direction.
00:10:44So we have a one-way road for electrons here.
00:10:46And then when they jump over here, they can't go back.
00:10:49So that could lead to a very weak electrical current.
00:10:54And if this principle works, I don't know.
00:10:57Anyway, that was the schematic picture that I had in mind at that time.
00:11:02And today, actually, the picture has not much changed.
00:11:05We just don't know, is it a Schottky diode or whatever?
00:11:08However, I've managed to build a cell that generates a very weak electrical power.
00:11:18Here on the left-hand side, we have two crystal cells.
00:11:22And one cell has about a weight of 330 grams and produces usually between 1.2 and 1.5 volts,
00:11:33depends on the cell.
00:11:34And in this example, they are put in series because the voltage is not strong enough
00:11:40to power an LED on a single cell.
00:11:43So that's why I have put two in series.
00:11:45And that's enough to light up a green and efficient LED.
00:11:51And now, 24 years later, we have learned more.
00:12:01And today's view is that the crystal cell uses the zero-point energy,
00:12:10the quantum fluctuations, to create the water oscillation.
00:12:14And that water oscillation separates the charges.
00:12:18And that is what creates the weak electrical power from the crystal cell.
00:12:23Here on the right-hand side is a watch.
00:12:27It's a watch that you put onto the wall.
00:12:30And I have to thank my friend and partner Eckhard Kanz for this watch,
00:12:36because it worked perfectly on one crystal cell for a long time.
00:12:42And then, unfortunately, it stopped.
00:12:44But with two of these cells, it can work on a permanent basis.
00:12:49The watch needs about 1.5 to 2 milliwatts of permanent power to operate.
00:12:57However, sometimes in winter, when it gets colder and the cells are very
00:13:02sensitive to temperature changes, it can be that it stops.
00:13:05However, when you just put your hand on the cell, then again,
00:13:08the watch continues to operate.
00:13:10And this is the back side of the watch.
00:13:11And down here on the right-hand side, you see the front side of that watch.
00:13:18Yeah, the headline is, I developed that cell from 1998 to 2012 or 2013.
00:13:28However, I also did, after 2013, I did a few experiments here and there.
00:13:35But basically, one can say sort of around 2012-ish,
00:13:42the main focus on the research on the crystal cell was terminated.
00:13:46And then I got into another project, which is called the FCO,
00:13:51the ferroelectric crystal oscillator.
00:13:53That is what we are developing today at Quantum Power Munich.
00:13:57And yeah, since I, especially at that time, had no knowledge about chemistry
00:14:05and actually today, I still don't have knowledge about chemistry
00:14:10and not about physics and not about knowledge about measurement technique.
00:14:17I consulted partners to help me on that.
00:14:22And Eckhart Kahn was the first person to conduct extensive
00:14:27measurement tests on the cell.
00:14:29And he also kindly wrote a certificate that lays out the properties of the cell.
00:14:37Then I had contact to a nuclear physicist, Dr. Hans Weber,
00:14:41and he wrote a little comment after investigating the cell.
00:14:45When I write, there is a comment here, it's just a few lines,
00:14:49basically saying that that person assumes that besides electrochemical effects,
00:14:54another effect could be or actually should be existing.
00:15:00Another friend of mine, Dr. Frank Lichtenberg, who is today at the ETH in Zurich
00:15:06and is from solid state physics, also wrote a comment.
00:15:09Then Sebastian Williams, an electronics engineer from the States,
00:15:13same thing, also a comment.
00:15:14Then Dr. Dieter Krzyzewski, who was a researcher at the Forschungszentrum in Karlsruhe.
00:15:24He's a chemist and was familiar with the material system.
00:15:27He did extensive research over several years and he wrote a certificate
00:15:32and he came to the conclusion that the crystal or crystal cell retell is,
00:15:39yeah, that there is not only a new effect, but that electrochemical effects
00:15:45play a minor role, if a role at all.
00:15:49And that was very kind of him to do that research.
00:15:53I'm very thankful, especially for his extended help as well.
00:15:57Then Professor Karl-Ernst Lotz, who is a chemist from silicates,
00:16:03from this type of silicates, he also wrote a comment.
00:16:06And we had conversations between Dieter Krzyzewski and Karl-Ernst Lotz, myself.
00:16:12And he was also convinced that is absolutely not comparable
00:16:16to a conventional electrochemical battery.
00:16:20There should be something else going on.
00:16:22Then a physicist, Dr. Nigel Dyer, who is now in the Netherlands
00:16:29or also involved in a research project at WETZUZ.
00:16:34He is doing some research right now, today.
00:16:39And then at some stage, that's also was in around 2010, I think,
00:16:47I contacted at the ETH in Zurich, Professor Jeroen van Bokhoven.
00:16:53He is one of the leading zeolite specialists in Europe.
00:16:58And I showed him the XRD measurement of the material composition
00:17:05after the chemical reaction.
00:17:06And he also could not visualize how this could generate
00:17:12an electrical current in the first place.
00:17:15Then I sent some cells to John Bedini,
00:17:18who is a famous researcher in the United States.
00:17:21Unfortunately, he passed away.
00:17:23He was a good friend of Tom Bearden, who was my mentor.
00:17:27And Tom Bearden was from Huntsville, Alabama, in the States.
00:17:33And he had also investigated these cells over years.
00:17:38And he also wrote a very nice comment on that,
00:17:41also supporting the view that this is a permanent energy cell.
00:17:47Then I had contact with the Kutaisi Technological Academy in Georgia.
00:17:52And nine professors and one PhD gentleman took the cell into a box, which was sealed.
00:18:01And they made a dead shorts test over about half a year.
00:18:06And after six months, they opened the box and opened the dead short.
00:18:09And they realized that the cell worked as before.
00:18:13And they wrote a very friendly comment.
00:18:16I didn't even ask for it.
00:18:17It was very kind of them to do that.
00:18:19And that comment is also on my website and vakuminergy.de.
00:18:27And yeah, showing or just supporting that the crystal cell is a cell that
00:18:35creates a weak electrical current over an unknown period of time.
00:18:43Yeah, now we are looking at the diagram,
00:18:49how Eckhart Kantz began to investigate the cells.
00:18:54And I will now give the word to Eckhart Kantz.
00:18:58And yeah, just a short story how I met Eckhart.
00:19:03That was in, I think, in August or the end of 2005.
00:19:08And as I said before, I was not experienced with measurement technologies.
00:19:15And Eckhart was that.
00:19:16And I was very happy to meet Eckhart.
00:19:19And Eckhart, I think, was also happy to have the possibility to test something like that.
00:19:26And I must say, Eckhart brought light to the whole project.
00:19:31And thanks to Eckhart, I got also into the research that we are today.
00:19:36And what I didn't expect at that point in time,
00:19:402005, is how this project would develop over the next years.
00:19:45And yeah, Eckhart, please, I will give, yeah, please go ahead.
00:19:49Yeah, I'm very thankful that I got the opportunity to measure an energy device,
00:19:58which pours out electrical energy continuously.
00:20:03My background is engineering with a specialization of electrical systems, energy systems.
00:20:14And I'm very interested in all kinds of new technologies.
00:20:19I also learned about books and articles from Tom Beden
00:20:27about the new technology and theory about how electrical systems work.
00:20:38And well, then in 2005, I started to conduct experiments, measurements on the crystal cells.
00:20:52From a standpoint, point of view of an electrical engineer,
00:20:59one tries to generate a vision what happens inside an energy converter.
00:21:09And the result is usually an equivalent circuit diagram, which is shown here.
00:21:17To make a little forecast, we then conducted all kinds of experiments to find out
00:21:26what conventional source of energy could be the source for the electrical energy
00:21:35that is available on the electrodes of a crystal cell.
00:21:41After years of measurements and experiments,
00:21:48we could not find any conventional source of energy.
00:21:54And therefore, we started to look for other explanations.
00:22:01And one which was very likely is to look into the quantum field
00:22:10and quantum oscillation as a source of energy.
00:22:18Finally, the theoretic approach goes much further.
00:22:25And nowadays, there are theories discussed in the physical community
00:22:33where the time itself receives a new meaning.
00:22:41A meaning that is so much different from the time that centuries ago,
00:22:49when, for example, Newton formulated the laws how the planets in our solar system move.
00:23:03But nowadays, the theory is going away from time as a continuously flowing something
00:23:18towards a physical entity as it can be seen, for example, for a mass.
00:23:26Let's say one kilogram of mass.
00:23:29What is the common ground for both?
00:23:34It's the energy.
00:23:36About 100 years ago, Albert Einstein found an equivalence of a mass and energy
00:23:45with this famous formula E equals mass times speed of light squared.
00:23:53And nowadays, we have discussions in the physics community
00:24:01that time itself could also have an equivalent of energy.
00:24:09And this is the level where we assume the energy of the crystal cell comes from.
00:24:19Let's now have a closer look at the concrete measurement results
00:24:23that we got in order to find out about the parameters of a crystal cell.
00:24:29Usually, when modeling an energy converter, one has to do several measurements,
00:24:37which then allow to determine the internal electrical components
00:24:44which generates equivalent circuit diagram.
00:24:46Such a measurement is, for example, to measure the voltage in an open circuit situation.
00:24:54That voltage was measured as 1.23 volts.
00:25:03Then the second measurement is to determine the short circuit current,
00:25:09which can be seen immediately after putting the measurement device to the crystal cell.
00:25:20That was 10.2 milliamps.
00:25:24When leaving that current measurement for some time on,
00:25:29then the current dropped down and the enduring short circuit current
00:25:38could be determined as 4.2 milliamps.
00:25:44This already shows that there is a dynamics inside the crystal cell,
00:25:50which we modeled using a capacitance.
00:25:55And the value of the capacitance could be determined by looking at the time constant,
00:26:02which can be determined from the run of the current starting at the measurement start
00:26:15and going for some time, minutes forward.
00:26:22This all provided to an equivalent circuit diagram,
00:26:30where we have a current source as an actual source of energy.
00:26:36And that is important that a crystal cell represents basically a current source,
00:26:45a source of current and not a source of a voltage as a usual battery.
00:26:52The actual value of the current source could be determined to 7.25 milliamps
00:27:01at a temperature of 24 degrees Celsius.
00:27:06When doing the same measurement at a different temperature,
00:27:12we came to the conclusion that the crystal cell has a temperature coefficient,
00:27:19which is 0.45 milliamps per Kelvin.
00:27:25That current source internally works against a 170 ohm resistor,
00:27:32where in parallel we have a huge capacitance, 20 farad,
00:27:39which is responsible for the dynamics of the crystal cell.
00:27:45To the outside interfacing we have a 120 ohm resistor.
00:27:52This equivalent circuit diagram allows to predetermine an optimal operation condition
00:28:02for the crystal cell, which is known from electrical circuit theory,
00:28:08by using such a load that half of the energy is dissipated inside the energy converter
00:28:23and half is dissipated outside, or in other words,
00:28:27to receive the maximum power on the outer electrodes.
00:28:33That load resistor had a value of 1.2 kilo ohms.
00:28:51The next question that we were interested in was about an energy that could be
00:28:59get from the crystal cell.
00:29:02In order to have a feeling how it is in comparison to other batteries,
00:29:12we selected a reference battery, a rechargeable battery,
00:29:20which had approximately the same size as the crystal cell.
00:29:26That battery at that time, 15 years ago, 2006-2007,
00:29:34had a charge capacity of 2900 milliampere hours.
00:29:44Then we did an experiment that both energy devices were loaded with a resistor
00:29:52and we monitored the energy output over a longer time.
00:29:59We had to do it during a long time, because the energy output from a crystal cell
00:30:05is relatively small with one milliwatt.
00:30:12Therefore, it took a long time, 113 days,
00:30:19to exhaust the energy from the rechargeable battery.
00:30:24However, after that time,
00:30:27short before 3000 milliampere hours,
00:30:30the rechargeable battery gave up and it was empty.
00:30:36That was not the case with the crystal cell,
00:30:39which continued to deliver energy.
00:30:44However, after some time, a corrosion effect
00:30:50may be the reason why it did not continue in the same intensity as before.
00:30:58Nevertheless, we had, after more than a year,
00:31:05an energy output that was at least double
00:31:09the energy that we received from the rechargeable battery of the same size.
00:31:15This was actually the purpose of the experiment,
00:31:20to show that the crystal cell is able to deliver
00:31:27a continuous stream of energy,
00:31:31which is bigger than that of existing rechargeable batteries.
00:31:39In the theory of electrical systems,
00:31:53there is a dependency between the temperature or the thermal energy
00:32:02in the energy converter and the outer load.
00:32:09Usually, when, for example, a generator in a power plant is operated,
00:32:19then there is a lot of heat that has to be dealt with
00:32:27in order to operate that energy device.
00:32:32So the question for the crystal cell was,
00:32:37is there an equivalent dissipation of thermal heat
00:32:42when putting an external load to the crystal cell?
00:32:48In order to answer that question,
00:32:51we set up a computer-controlled experiment,
00:32:56which added a load to the crystal cell for seven hours,
00:33:04and then for another seven hours the load was disconnected.
00:33:14And then a very sensitive temperature measurement
00:33:19with a resolution below one millikelvin
00:33:23showed us the temperature of the housing of the crystal cell.
00:33:33Because of the high resolution of the temperature measurement,
00:33:39we had to take the temperature run into account,
00:33:48which was caused by ambient temperature changes.
00:33:52Day and night.
00:33:54Because the experiment itself took longer than a day.
00:34:00Nevertheless, the result of the experiment can be seen
00:34:08when looking at the phases where the load was switched on
00:34:15and when comparing it against the phases where the load was switched off.
00:34:20And actually, we couldn't find any direct relationship
00:34:27between switching the load on and off and the run of the temperature.
00:34:34The temperature run seems to be solely determined
00:34:39by the run of the ambient temperature outside of the thermal isolation.
00:34:49That we applied here.
00:35:00Well, what is the conclusion from this experiment?
00:35:04The conclusion is that there is no measurable temperature run,
00:35:13temperature change inside the crystal cell
00:35:16when taking energy on its outer electrodes.
00:35:23And this makes the device unique because it does not follow the usual behavior,
00:35:33for example, of a battery.
00:35:36A battery would rise its temperature when loading it with an external load.
00:35:46On the other hand, there are other systems
00:35:50which are known as energy harvesting systems,
00:35:54which manage to convert the energy of the ambient heat into electrical energy.
00:36:03Those devices would have a lowering of the temperature.
00:36:10However, in the case of the crystal cell,
00:36:13we couldn't see any rise or fall of the temperature.
00:36:19So the conclusion is that the crystal cell is an energy conversion device
00:36:28which most likely cannot be explained by usual battery behavior.
00:36:36And it can most likely not be explained by the principle
00:36:43of an energy harvesting device from heat.
00:36:50The measurement continued by putting a loaded crystal cell
00:37:01into a thermal isolation and then heating it up by a heater step by step.
00:37:18The chart is different from other charts
00:37:22because the time is running from the right-hand side to the left-hand side.
00:37:29Because it was developed for another purpose
00:37:32and we just used the measurement instrumentation for this experiment.
00:37:41The crystal cell started at 24 degrees Celsius
00:37:46and was then heated for some time.
00:37:52After a couple of hours it reached a level somewhat below 28 degrees
00:38:05and was left on that level for some hours.
00:38:09Then again the heating was switched on in order to get to the next level,
00:38:15again to the next level, next level, next level and so on.
00:38:19During that time the voltage on the loaded crystal cell was measured
00:38:27and one could see that along with temperature
00:38:32also the energy output of the crystal cell increased.
00:38:40With every level of temperature increase we had a higher energy output.
00:38:54Then when switching the heating off the temperature fell down
00:39:00and it was then in a short time uninterrupted brought back to the same level.
00:39:12During that experiment we observed that there was a level
00:39:20where the rise of the energy output did not follow the high rise before.
00:39:31But it was such a stable plateau that we had
00:39:36and that was at about 36-37 degrees Celsius.
00:39:46This is remarkable because it suggests that the working principle of the crystal cell
00:39:58could have some relationship to processes inside biological systems
00:40:06which maintain a temperature at a level of 36-37 degrees.
00:40:16Well the experiment was also done on a second crystal cell
00:40:22and so we could confirm the results that we received on the first crystal cell
00:40:29also with the second crystal cell.
00:40:31Well when looking at the output of the crystal cell
00:40:51we of course first have a DC output in the range of a voltage 1.2 to 1.5
00:41:01volts and in addition we looked at small variation of that output voltage
00:41:12which could be called the noise on the DC voltage.
00:41:18Then we set up an experiment which tried to determine whether there are
00:41:26exceptional observations on the noise of the crystal cell
00:41:33which could be in relation to events happening on the sun.
00:41:41The question behind that experiment was whether energetic
00:41:49events in the sun could have an impact on the behavior of the crystal cell.
00:41:55Finally we could exclude that or put that assumption aside because the events
00:42:06that were registered on the sun for example at a observation frequency 245
00:42:15megahertz which are well documented in available in the internet
00:42:21those could not be found on the charts of the crystal cell.
00:42:28Instead we observed that there was a jumping of the of the noise level
00:42:36basically between two levels which are approximately three decibel away.
00:42:43Three decibel three db that's a remarkable step for a noise signal and we could
00:42:55find a correlation between the the switching points of the noise level and the temperature
00:43:04and could conclude that a very small change of a temperature from 23 degree to
00:43:16100 millikelvin or 200 millikelvin higher caused a reduction of the noise level
00:43:24and when going back with the temperature then the noise level again jumped back to the previous
00:43:32previous level. What could be the information behind that observation? The observation
00:43:43uniquely points towards an internal behavior of the crystal cell which is complex.
00:43:51Which cannot be explained by a simple electrochemical reaction for example
00:43:58but by a more complex behavior most likely related to the impact of the water which is
00:44:10bound in the material in the volume of the crystal cell.
00:44:18Yes thank you. Just a short comment if i may put that. This chart maybe relates to the chart
00:44:26before where we found that at 37 degrees celsius there is a leveling off of the power or reduction
00:44:34in power because with water what is just coming to my mind is that water has
00:44:43several phase transitions. One is not only at zero degrees celsius where it moves from
00:44:49ice to liquid but in the liquid state between zero degrees up to 100 degrees celsius
00:44:56it's obviously at 37 degrees celsius there is a hot spot where quantum fluctuations can
00:45:02do their job especially efficiently and that's why the protein folding process works best at 37
00:45:09degrees celsius but there are other temperature hot spots in the area of 37 degrees celsius so
00:45:19there could be one at 20 degrees celsius or at 45 or whatever and what they found is and that
00:45:26is now the interesting part is that the ability for water to capture the energy from quantum
00:45:34fluctuations is not working better the colder it is as one would assume because temperature
00:45:41overrides the quantum fluctuations but it moves in a non-linear way so when you heat up water
00:45:48then there are spots where quantum fluctuations even at a higher temperature can work more
00:45:56efficient on the oscillation of the hydrogen bottle and that is so interesting so what we
00:46:02maybe see here when we jump here from i don't know from 23 degrees celsius and a little bit
00:46:09higher to a few hundred millikelvin higher then that there is around 23 degrees celsius
00:46:17there is a a hot spot where the the quantum fluctuations cannot act as efficiently anymore
00:46:25or just oscillate in a different way where the frequency pattern of the
00:46:34of the water changes and that has a drastic change in amplitude because this can't be an electromagnetic
00:46:40signal because it's closed in the faraday cage already due to the aluminum casing where it is in
00:46:46so a three decibel jump of an amplitude is not a minor thing so that energy must
00:46:54come from somewhere so there's a change in energy and here we have again a rise in amplitude again
00:46:58which is an increase so when we drop the temperature and that clearly shows that there is
00:47:05a very fine line and because the temperature change is only a few hundred millikelvin here
00:47:10and that has such a drastic change that shows there is a let's call it a quantum critical
00:47:18phase transformation in the water where water moves from one behavior to another behavior and
00:47:26that is caused by quantum fluctuations and yeah i just want to put that in as a side note yeah
00:47:30thank you i think this uniquely demands for further research yes on this measurement observation
00:47:39which is reproducible which can be measured on crystal cells and more of a profound
00:47:49theoretical explanation is needed for this behavior well we already had an experiment
00:47:58where we switched the load on a crystal cell on and off in order to find out about
00:48:05the temperature change of the crystal cell here in this experiment we do basically the same but in
00:48:12a shorter time frame of only seven minutes and the question behind the experiment was how the self
00:48:23recharge behavior of the crystal cell works which was already mentioned before that after a short
00:48:32circuit for many years the crystal cell managed to recharge to the previous voltage of 1.2 to 1.5
00:48:43volts inside of a few minutes so this experiment should shed some some light on that behavior
00:48:52so a load resistor of about yes of about 312 ohms was used and again automatically by computer
00:49:03switched on and off the experiment was conducted over a longer time of 120 days
00:49:12and for every day a chart was generated as it is shown for example here for one of the first
00:49:23days we see that when switching the external load on then first the voltage drops immediately down
00:49:36then we have some dynamic behavior here until the output reaches a certain level
00:49:46that can be maintained over several minutes then when switching the load off we go to we
00:49:54get to the beginning here and we see that the voltage on the crystal cell recharges
00:50:02itself first a bigger jump and then some dynamics after it then tunes in to the previous
00:50:13voltage level what is difficult to see here is that the minimum and and maximum run
00:50:22of the the voltage is very close to the average basically the the curves are
00:50:32overlaid on it this means that the behavior is very reproducible and that no variations
00:50:42can be really detected from that self-charging behavior
00:50:47in addition to the voltage run also the noise was registered again because we have this interesting
00:50:57observation related to noise before so we ask how does a noise behave during a self
00:51:06recharge phase and we saw that the noise level first dropped down and then it got into normal
00:51:16then it got into an oscillating mode for a few seconds where it gets higher and lower and higher
00:51:23and and and lower and this again is such a unique behavior which demands for further research how
00:51:34this can be explained
00:51:36and which is usually not not seen in conventional energy converters well on the
00:51:49side where the crystal cell is loaded we have first a drop of the noise level then a very steep
00:51:59rise of the noise level before it comes down and in this case we have only a small oscillation here
00:52:09on the dissipation side of the diagram on other days we also had a higher
00:52:18oscillation here and a lower oscillation here on on the other side which again
00:52:25suggests that there are internal
00:52:30procedures in the crystal cell which take place and which change with time from one day to the
00:52:38other well just to explain how the noise was registered because this may be an important
00:52:47question for someone who tries to understand it well we basically zoomed into the noise by
00:52:59calculating the absolute change from one measure value to the next measurement value so un minus
00:53:10un minus one and the absolute value of that was then cumulated and divided by the number of
00:53:20measurements n which gives the value which is here called the noise signal well the the average
00:53:30power that we could get from a crystal cell was 1.4 milliwatt
00:53:37the next experiment aimed at getting some more insight into the
00:53:49external behavior of the energy output of a crystal cell this was done by putting
00:53:58different load resistors to the crystal cell which then resulted in different output voltages
00:54:10so first we loaded the crystal cell with approximately 1.2 kilo ohm and got an output
00:54:21volt voltage in the the order of
00:54:30yeah one one point two two volts and an output current which then reached a level of
00:54:401.6 1.67 milliamps when further reducing this load resistor we came to
00:54:55obviously to smaller and smaller voltages on the outer electrodes of the crystal cell so 668
00:55:03millivolts 499 millivolts and when looking at the current that was registered one can see
00:55:12that the crystal cell really works as a current source which means that it can maintain a stable
00:55:21current output over a broad range of load resistors and a resulting broad range of
00:55:31voltages on its outer electrodes here in this case shown from 157 millivolts up to 1.2 volts
00:55:44so this experiment was a confirmation that the crystal cell is not a conventional voltage source
00:55:51as a chemical battery for example or as a generator in a power plant no it is a current source
00:56:01and this has to be taken into account when trying to generate devices which make use of crystal cells
00:56:14the noise registration of noise had another interesting observation when leaving the crystal
00:56:23cell with a stable load on its own over multiple days and registering the very small
00:56:35change which comes from the outer temperature change of ambient temperature and at that point
00:56:45another unexpected observation could be done that at a certain temperature
00:56:52we have suddenly an increase in the noise level which can be called a resonance
00:57:00so here again we have a behavior of the crystal cell which demands of further research why the
00:57:08noise level has such a resonance behavior when the temperature of the crystal cell
00:57:17goes through a well-defined point of the temperature of the crystal cell
00:57:28here again we see the
00:57:32an overshoot of the voltage when during the self recharge process this charge
00:57:43chart again runs from the right to the to the left so we see that after
00:57:51disconnecting the load resistor we first have a higher voltage which then levels
00:58:00down to a certain voltage level before the the load is switched on again and the voltage drops
00:58:08drops down so this is a zoomed view of the behavior in the very moment when the load
00:58:17is switched off and the crystal cell starts to recharge its voltage the voltage on its own
00:58:24when looking at the source of energy for a new energy device one also has to take
00:58:34into account a possible working principle related to the nuclear energy it's well known
00:58:43that for example a nuclear battery which is used for operating space probes for many years
00:58:52that it is capable of delivering energy for a very long time
00:58:58so we checked whether the crystal cell could be related to nuclear decay
00:59:07this could be falsified by putting the crystal cell into a gamma spectrometer leaving it there
00:59:16for about 16 hours and looking at the counts per energy level which revealed that the usual
00:59:28background counts were received for for example for lead to 212 for uran 235
00:59:40bismuth cesium every count level on on a level is related to a
00:59:52nuclear decay which is common to the the background in in in air so we could exclude
01:00:06that the crystal cell is powered on a nuclear level
01:00:14well when summarizing the observation of the crystal cell we can conclude that
01:00:26most likely the crystal cell is not powered by an electrochemical reaction
01:00:33because it could be shown that it is a current source
01:00:37not a voltage source and that there is no temperature dependency from from load
01:00:46we could also exclude that most likely the crystal cell is not an energy harvesting
01:00:53a device harvesting energy from heat because of this missing temperature dependency from load
01:01:03so the electromagnetic impact is one major question that comes in first place from from an
01:01:13engineer asking whether external electromagnetic fields could be the source of energy we could
01:01:21exclude that by conducting the experiments in a faraday cage which shields outer electromagnetic
01:01:31energy from the crystal cell and because also exclude that the energy comes from a nuclear decay
01:01:40by putting the crystal cell in a gamma spectrometer where it doesn't did not show any unusual radiation
01:01:50well in
01:01:52um when concluding the result of the experiments one can
01:02:02summarize the unusual observations as follows first of all the crystal cell is a current source
01:02:10not a voltage source in opposite to conventional batteries
01:02:15then when cooling down a crystal cell for example is liquid nitrogen then it is not destroyed
01:02:25however the crystal cell recharges itself when it the temperature comes back to normal
01:02:34normal temperature for example above 20 degree this is different from
01:02:43conventional batteries which would be destroyed when putting them into that low temperature
01:02:53usually it is unusual for crystal cell behavior that the self recharging takes place after a
01:03:04load cycle and that even after a multi-year short circuit a crystal cell is recharging on its own
01:03:15so one can say that operating a crystal cell in a short circuit mode is is a one of a
01:03:25normal operation mode which cannot be done with the
01:03:32electrochemical battery for example which would be destroyed in that case
01:03:38it is unusual that there is an overshooting in the end of a self recharge process
01:03:47and
01:03:48the next very unusual feature is the behavior of the noise figures on the output voltage
01:03:58which depend on on both on the load and on the temperature and it's very reproducible
01:04:06and can be observed in the conditions that were described before
01:04:13one thing that needs special attention is the jumping of the noise level at certain temperatures
01:04:21which suggests that there are internal processes in the crystal cell
01:04:29which relate to other physical phenomena possibly related to water
01:04:34related to water however one of the most interesting feature of the crystal cell
01:04:41is the rising of the power with temperature basically one can observe a doubling of the
01:04:49output energy every three degree so when going from 23 degrees or 24 degrees to 27 degrees
01:04:59we get double the energy output when heating it up further to 30 degrees we again get double the
01:05:08output that continues up to the temperature of 37 degree also above the temperature
01:05:17a rise can be observed up to a temperature of about 60 degree where the working principle
01:05:30of the crystal cell possibly is put into a non-workable state and the
01:05:41the energy output then will go down to zero so the conclusion is that
01:05:52crystal cells can be operated from room temperature well up to a temperature of 40-50 degree
01:06:02the celsius and one should avoid to heat them up to higher temperature and it should never
01:06:11exceed the temperature of 60 degree
01:06:17yeah okay thank you very much for the compilation of measurement data i will
01:06:23just say a short word towards the end of this presentation a question that we already addressed
01:06:31is where does or could the energy come from from the crystal cell this is a personal view
01:06:37i have no physical proof for it however there are some measurements that would support
01:06:45my perspective now electrochemical effects they play a certain role we have a situation where an
01:06:52aluminium air battery or aluminium corrosion battery effect could be existing however one gram
01:06:59of aluminium produces about three amperage hours and when putting the crystal cell on the load for
01:07:07one year about i could calculate the current and therefore the amount of possible corroded aluminium
01:07:14and i have found or measured a 10 times lower amount of corroded aluminium in comparison to
01:07:21the current generated so there should be another source of current and that fits together that the
01:07:28cell is a current source and where does the energy come from now i assume that it does not
01:07:36only come from thermal energy but from quantum fluctuations from the zero point energy due to
01:07:41the quantum critical nature now water is from my view actually one of the most classic examples for
01:07:49quantum critical material and quantum criticality does not only play at zero or close to zero
01:07:56kelvin a role we have so-called non-zero quantum critical phase transitions and it is known that
01:08:03at room temperature or even at 37 degrees celsius the hydrogen bridges are driven by quantum
01:08:10fluctuations which makes it a non-zero quantum critical material par excellence and so i think
01:08:18this is a an option that really should be considered and so yeah i assume that the crystal
01:08:28cell could be operated by the zero point energy fluctuations and also the calorimetric measurements
01:08:37and the measurements of the amplitude shift support that view very well however these are
01:08:44only first this is the first walking attempt trying to explain hard to explain effects and
01:08:55so i have to leave it at this point and who knows maybe future research will bring more clarity to
01:09:02it now what happened to the crystal cell project it was sort of came more or less to an end around
01:09:082012 and we found that in the end also due to the temperature dependency that the weight to
01:09:17volume ratio i mean the output to weight to volume ratio is so small that it has
01:09:25yeah an economical value is hard to determine there is one application that would be doable
01:09:32that's that are these smoke detectors that are on the ceiling of nearly every room and in warm
01:09:39countries where we don't have a winter so to speak one could actually use these crystal cells which
01:09:46again would be quite a significant market and one could also build sort of not street lights but
01:09:55lights that are on the pathway on a walking pedestrian pathway and when this whole
01:10:05the whole cube of of that thing that is next to the road is full of crystal cells and we have
01:10:13the warm country then one could power some leds that are switched on with a with a motion detection
01:10:20device however these were ideas but it's it would be quite a mission to do that and anyway
01:10:30my personal intention is i wanted to have a better version of a crystal cell
01:10:42namely a crystal cell where we can completely exclude possible electrical chemical effects
01:10:47right from the beginning and number two that has a significantly higher power output and third
01:10:54where we can understand in a better way the physics of the material in the cell because
01:11:03there are still processes in the silicate and water that are of course not clear and to find
01:11:10that out is from what we understand today that is quite a project so only with appropriate funding
01:11:20one can get to further details of that so anyway in 2012 another yeah i further developed
01:11:29the hypothesis and i moved from the crystal cell from the sodium metasilicate nanohydride
01:11:35to ferroelectric ceramics and what we are doing today is we are combining
01:11:42quantum paraelectrics with ferroelectric ceramics creating a quantum ferroelectric material and that
01:11:48is what we are researching today at quantum power munich and we also managed to get a
01:11:57small financing for that and since a few years we are involved with that so make it in short the
01:12:02crystal cell i assume the crystal cell is converting the energy from quantum fluctuations
01:12:09meaning from the zero point energy to separate the charges and this is done via the water molecules
01:12:16due to its quantum critical nature in a silicate environment creating a direct current and in the
01:12:23fco which stands for ferroelectric crystal oscillator we are also using quantum fluctuations
01:12:29to separate the charges but not via water molecules but via an unbalanced or directed
01:12:35domain wall acceleration and that also creates a direct current component
01:12:42okay that was an update on the crystal cell and thanks for listening see you next time
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