00:00Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of cells and are among the largest cell organelles
00:17within a cell.
00:18They are called powerhouses of cells because they convert energy into forms that are usable
00:25by the cell.
00:29Mitochondria vary in shape from almost spherical to elongated ovals.
00:36Mitochondria are bound by two membranes.
00:40Each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
00:44The outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane has many inward folds called cristae.
00:51The folds increase the surface area and are the working surfaces for mitochondrial reactions.
00:58The inner membrane is selectively permeable to certain molecules such as pyruvic acid
01:06and adenosine triphosphate ATP.
01:11On the cristae, sugar is combined with oxygen to produce ATP, the primary energy source
01:18for the cell.
01:22The space surrounding the cristae is a matrix filled with dense solution containing enzymes
01:28, coenzymes, water and other molecules involved in cellular respiration.
01:36Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration which finally generates fuel for the cell's
01:41activities.
01:45Mitochondria are also involved in other cell processes such as cell division and growth
01:51as well as cell death.
01:56Mitochondria are semi-autonomous.
01:57They are partially dependent on the cell to replicate and grow.
02:03They have their own DNA, ribosomes and can make their own proteins.
02:11Summary Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells.
02:17Mitochondria are involved in the production of energy, cell division and growth.
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