VOICI À QUOI RESSEMBLENT LES INSECTES DE PRÈS…!
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AnimalsTranscript
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00:07 Let's start!
00:08 Hello and welcome everyone!
00:17 We have all been disturbed by insects.
00:19 In the summer, they flutter at the table during full-air meals,
00:23 and at night, they break the silence, chat and sting.
00:26 Thus, these invertebrates, which make up more than half of the entire biodiversity of the planet,
00:30 are a source of distress for many people and their morphology does not really help them,
00:34 because it sends us back to repulsive images.
00:37 But what if we saw them even more clearly?
00:39 What if we enlarged their images to discern their smallest details?
00:42 Indeed, there is a technique called macroscopy,
00:45 which allows us to observe them from a more extensive and very clear angle.
00:49 Thus, it makes us perceive these creatures differently.
00:52 We will rediscover this mysterious world as if we had never seen it before.
00:56 And if many of us are only seeing it more often,
00:59 perhaps observing it up close, the version we feel would disappear or would not exceed the simple gene.
01:04 This is what we will see today, because this is what insects look like up close.
01:08 In addition to being useful to humans, the bee is hardworking and organized,
01:11 and has many other amazing abilities.
01:14 As interesting as it is beautiful, its close-up view reveals several details.
01:18 Here are the most important ones.
01:19 Its body, yellow and black, is divided into three.
01:23 The head, carrying the antennas, the thorax, with a pair of wings and three pairs of legs,
01:27 and the abdomen, made up of six visible segments and composed of dorsal plates.
01:31 The latter is composed of the jawbone, a kind of pocket where the bee stores nectar and water,
01:36 and the wax glands, which secrete wax to build the alveoli.
01:40 Also, this one ends up as a dart, a pointed attack or defense organ.
01:45 In general, insects do not have lungs. Instead, they have a kind of respiratory orifice called the stigmata,
01:51 through which air enters and circulates throughout the body.
01:53 The bee, on the other hand, has ten, located on the sides.
01:56 In addition, it is very sensitive to light and has a very wide field of vision,
02:00 thanks to its two large front eyes on the sides of the head,
02:03 and its three little ones called ocelli, or simple eyes, at the top of the skull.
02:08 In addition to these elements revealed during close-up observation,
02:12 we can see that in its mouth equipped with mandibles, this insect has a trunk and a long tongue.
02:17 On its thorax, all segments are covered with long hairs,
02:20 giving the impression that it wears a very elegant fur coat.
02:23 But what is even more stunning is that we discover that pollen grains
02:26 jump on these hairs even before they land on the flower.
02:30 As a result, the bee has a positive electric charge,
02:32 and the flower emits a weak electric field charged negatively.
02:35 As a result, a form of communication is established systematically between the flower and the bee.
02:40 Isn't it amazing?
02:42 Like other deep-earth-type insects such as mosquitoes, ticks and other flies,
02:46 the fly has a head with two large eyes composed of tiny little eyes called facet.
02:51 In addition, it also has three other simple little eyes.
02:54 It also has a pair of short antennas folded on the front of the head.
02:58 To feed, the fly deploys its retractable spongy trunk.
03:02 Since it does not chew, it has a preference for liquids that it sucks easily,
03:06 but if it encounters a very compact food, it dilutes it,
03:10 by regurgitating on it substances secreted by its intestine,
03:13 and then sucks the digested liquid.
03:15 Thus, this regurgitation, which is done on our meals,
03:18 therefore transmits microbes.
03:20 Also, from one side or the other of its mouth,
03:22 we can distinguish two pairs of external and internal palps.
03:25 These small moving lips serve to test the taste value of the meal.
03:29 In the continuity of the head, the fly has a thorax containing a pair of short wings,
03:34 a pair of balance is intended to stabilize the flight of the insect,
03:37 thus allowing extraordinary maneuvers in flight,
03:39 and three pairs of legs with claws at their ends.
03:43 Being used to rubbing them,
03:45 it is not a sign of pleasure to the idea of the feast that it will offer,
03:48 but it is for reasons of cleanliness.
03:50 Indeed, after resting on a potentially dirty place,
03:53 the fly needs to clean its legs.
03:55 Thanks to the tiny sensory hairs distributed on its body,
03:57 more specifically on its legs,
03:59 it manages to perceive the world around them.
04:01 The slightest dust and voila, their perception is disturbed,
04:04 hence the permanent need they feel to recover.
04:07 Finally, the third division of the fly's body,
04:10 and the most voluminous, is the abdomen.
04:12 It contains the stigmatas that open on the sides
04:14 and remain buoyant to fill with air and allow the animal to breathe.
04:18 Females are often more voluminous than males and have a more developed abdomen.
04:23 Also, in this part are the genitals of the insect.
04:26 In the female, there is a pump tube,
04:28 and in the male, there is a complete reproductive device.
04:31 Its reproduction is therefore always sexual.
04:34 Have you ever taken the time to observe this animal,
04:37 so fascinating in its way of life that it deserves better than the fear it often arouses?
04:41 The length of a jumping spider's body varies between 1 and 25 mm.
04:46 This invertebrate predator is composed of two parts.
04:49 The first, called the cephalotorax,
04:51 is the anterior part devoid of mandibles and antennae,
04:54 and has eight legs.
04:56 A second posterior, called the abdomen,
04:59 is located at the back of the filaments.
05:01 These are used in the weaving of silk threads
05:06 to make webs or to move.
05:08 As its name suggests,
05:10 this spider is capable of making important jumps,
05:12 especially to hunt insects,
05:14 mainly flies and mosquitoes,
05:16 but also in response to a threat.
05:18 In addition, it has eight eyes adapted to sight hunting.
05:21 Four of its eyes are located on the front of the head,
05:24 including the two in the center, which are the largest.
05:26 Two others are placed on its sides,
05:28 and the last two serve to observe what is happening behind it.
05:31 Could you imagine that it has so many?
05:33 In order to mate,
05:34 the male tries to attract the female by hypnotizing her with a dance choreography.
05:38 He then raises his legs in front and makes noise repeatedly,
05:41 until he approaches his partner.
05:43 Yes, the life of spiders is certainly more fascinating than you think.
05:47 Here is another predator as impressive as the previous one.
05:51 The dragonfly belongs to an order called odonata or toothed insect.
05:55 Like most other insects,
05:57 they have a head with two antennas, a thorax,
05:59 carrying the six legs,
06:01 and in addition four wings as well as an abdomen.
06:03 Dragonflies go through different stages to acquire this elongated shape,
06:07 measuring between 3 and 10 cm,
06:09 which is similar to a stick,
06:11 and that we are used to seeing near freshwater areas,
06:13 including ponds, seas, rivers and streams.
06:15 Their life begins in the form of eggs deposited in the water or near the water.
06:19 These eggs hatch into aquatic larvae,
06:21 and it is at this stage that dragonflies spend most of their lives.
06:25 According to species, the aquatic stage can last from a few months to three years or more.
06:30 When the larvae are mature,
06:31 they head for the edge of the water and climb on the coast to metamorphose.
06:35 Anchored to the dry surface, the larvae hatch and the adult dragonfly emerges.
06:40 At birth, it presents a frozen, short-bodied wing mass.
06:44 From there, the transformation occurs quite quickly.
06:46 The wings are full of blood and the body reaches its maximum size.
06:49 It has two pairs of wings that allow it to fly vertically,
06:53 up or down,
06:54 to retreat,
06:55 and to fly upside down or on site to chase and capture prey.
06:58 With big eyes and long legs,
07:01 adult dragonflies are vividly colored,
07:04 unlike larvae that have a darker color,
07:06 which goes from green to brown.
07:08 Powerful macroscopic lenses open up this fabulous world to admire it,
07:13 but especially to study it.
07:15 Did you know that mosquitos initially live in water?
07:18 And that, like dragonflies,
07:20 they go through an aquatic phase at the green larvae stage
07:22 before reaching the adult stage?
07:25 Carefully examined, these creatures that are considered blood-drinking
07:29 and are widely feared,
07:30 will have no more secrets for you.
07:32 According to species, eggs are laid directly on the surface of the water
07:35 and this is why mosquitos invasions are seen to continue
07:38 as soon as a surface of water, even temporary, is formed.
07:41 Thus, these insects, specialized in flood zones,
07:44 lay their eggs near wetlands.
07:47 From the egg hatches a mosquito larva.
07:49 In most species, the larvae breathe at the surface of the water
07:52 through a tube located at the back of the abdomen,
07:55 which gives the impression that the mosquito larvae are suspended.
07:58 They feed on organic material that they filter.
08:01 Then comes the last stage of aquatic life,
08:03 where this insect becomes a nymph.
08:05 The latter has two trumpets that allow it to breathe,
08:07 always hanging on the surface.
08:09 Unlike the larva, this one has its head and thorax welded together.
08:13 During this transition stage, the nymph spreads out little by little
08:16 until the flying adult emerges.
08:18 Having a thin, squashed body, with two narrow wings,
08:21 long antennae legs, and a kind of elongated beak,
08:24 called "rostrum",
08:25 the mosquito measures 3 to 40 mm in length,
08:28 according to species.
08:29 Also, the head is provided with two faceted eyes, but has no sails.
08:32 Women are easily distinguished from males,
08:34 who are the only ones to present feathered antennas.
08:37 As for the feeding of mariguanas,
08:39 and contrary to what one might think,
08:41 the female feeds on nectar or sweet juice from flowers,
08:43 in order to meet their energy needs.
08:45 Only the female mosquito feeds on blood.
08:48 Moreover, it is exclusively used for the maturation of eggs.
08:51 Male mosquitoes are perfectly vegetarian.
08:53 They can't sting.
08:54 Did you know that?
08:56 Ants as big as wild felines,
08:58 normally only exist in the film industry.
09:01 Between its thorax and abdomen,
09:03 there is a strangling called "pestle",
09:05 in the form of one or two scales more or less inclined,
09:08 which is part of the composition of other insects,
09:10 such as wasps and bees.
09:12 On its head, covered with sensory hairs,
09:14 we can clearly distinguish composed eyes,
09:16 also called faceted eyes,
09:18 made up of hundreds of lenses.
09:20 A kind of small eyes.
09:22 There is also an insertion of antennas
09:24 and two mandibles directed forward.
09:26 Between these two,
09:28 we can see labial palps,
09:30 and outside, the maxillary palps,
09:32 used to hold food.
09:34 At first glance, everyone can identify an ant,
09:36 but the morphological differences and important characteristics
09:38 that allow to divide the ant family
09:40 into twenty subfamilies,
09:42 including those with wings,
09:44 can't seem as clear as when you get close to them.
09:46 So you have acquired the knowledge of the world of a few insects,
09:49 and all the mysteries of these invertebrates
09:51 are finally elucidated.
09:53 So which of these creatures is the most fascinating in your opinion?
09:56 Tell us in the comments.
09:58 Thank you and see you soon!
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10:43 you