Lithium production typically involves several methods, depending on the source of lithium and the specific requirements of the industry. The primary sources of lithium are from mineral deposits, such as lithium-rich brine and lithium-bearing minerals like spodumene. Here's an overview of the lithium production process from these sources:
Lithium-Rich Brine Extraction:
Lithium-rich brine is often extracted from underground saltwater aquifers or salt flats (salars). These sources contain dissolved lithium salts. The process involves several steps:
1. Brine Extraction: Brine is pumped to the surface from underground reservoirs using wells. The brine typically contains other dissolved salts like potassium, magnesium, and sodium.
2. Purification: The brine is then purified to remove impurities like magnesium and calcium using precipitation and ion exchange methods. This step helps concentrate the lithium content.
3. Lithium Precipitation: Chemicals are added to the brine to precipitate lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, which can be further processed.
4. Conversion to Lithium Carbonate or Lithium Hydroxide: Depending on the end product desired, lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide is produced from the lithium precipitate.
