India and Pakistan have accused each other of unprovoked firing along the disputed border in Kashmir in which at least nine civilians were killed.
Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern republics of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, as well as many border skirmishes and military stand-offs.
The dispute over Kashmir has been the cause, whether direct or indirect, of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan.
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