lower nitrates in salt water aquarium. mechanical filtration such as a filter sock in sump or foam block need to be cleaned every 3 to 5 days to remove nitrates from your aquarium. This includes canister filters! removing nitrates from your reef tank really improves the health of your fish and corals.\r
Biological filtration and the nitrogen cycle\r
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A large biological filter designed to maximize the beneficial effects of the nitrogen cycle in a reef aquarium. Excretia and other decomposing organic matter produce ammonia which is highly toxic to fish. Berial processes oxidize this ammonia into the slightly less toxic nitrites, and these are in turn oxidized to form the much less toxic nitrates. In the natural environment these nitrates are subsequently taken up by plants as fertilizer and this does indeed happen to some extent in an aquarium planted with real plants.\r
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An aquarium is, however, an imperfect microcosm of the natural world. Aquariums are usually much more densely stocked with fish than the natural environment. This increases the amount of ammonia produced in the relatively small volume of the aquarium. The beria responsible for breaking down the ammonia colonize the surface of any objects inside the aquarium. In most cases, a biological filter is nothing more than a chemically inert porous sponge, which provides a greatly enlarged surface area on which these beria can develop. These berial colonies take several weeks to form, during which time the aquarium is vulnerable to a condition commonly known as new tank syndrome if stocked with fish too quickly. Some systems incorporate beria capable of converting nitrates into nitrogen gas.[5]\r
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Accumulation of toxic ammonia from decomposing wastes is the largest cause of fish mortality in new, poorly maintained, or overloaded aquariums.[6] In the artificial environment of the aquarium, the nitrogen cycle effectively ends with the production of nitrates. In order that the nitrate level does not build up to a harmful level regular partial water changes are required to remove the nitrates and introduce new, uncontaminated water.\r
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The process of mechanical filtration removes particulate material from the water column. This particulate matter may include uneaten food, feces or plant or algal debris. Mechanical filtration is typically achieved by passing water through materials whichas a sieve, physically trapping the particulate matter.[1] Removal of solid waste can be as simple as physical hand netting of debris, and/or involve highly complex equipment. All removal of solid wastes involve filtering water through some form of mesh in a process known as mechanical filtration. The solid wastes are first collected, and then must be physically removed from the aquarium system. Mechanical filtration is ultimately ineffective if the solid wastes are not removed from the filter, and are allowed to decay and dissolve in the water.\r
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Dissolved wastes are more difficult to remove from the water. Several techniques, collectively known as chemical filtration, are used for the removal of dissolved wastes, the most popular being the use of ivated carbon and foam frionation. To a certain extent, healthy plants extr dissolved chemical wastes from water when they grow, so plants can serve a role in the containment of dissolved wastes.\r
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A final and less common situation requiring filtration involves the desire to sterilize water-borne pathogens. This sterilization is accomplished by passing aquarium water through filtration devices which expose the water to high intensity ultraviolet light and/or exposing the water to dissolved ozone gas.\r
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Purchase my eBook at Amazon on how to kill ich and marine velvet in your saltwater aquarium. For beginners to advanced.\r
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