Dietary modification is a key component of weight management, ideally used alongside other lifestyle modifications including increasing physical activity levels.
The first step in dietary management of obesity is to lose weight by decreasing energy intake to achieve an energy deficit that can be sustained for a sufficient period. A 5-10% weight loss over a 3-6 month period has massive health benefits. A weight loss of 0.5 to 1 kg/week is a safe and achievable target and can be achieved by a 500 to 1000kcal daily deficit.
The second step, following weight loss, is to maintain weight loss by ensuring that energy intake matches energy needs.

Decreasing energy for weight loss
Dietary fat contains, gram for gram, twice as many calories as protein and carbohydrate; therefore, the easiest way to reduce dietary energy density is to reduce fat intake. Reducing intakes of sugar-rich and alcoholic drinks is also a useful strategy for reducing energy intake. Liquid calories have low satiating properties compared with foods of similar energy content and are often consumed in addition to other foods rather than as a substitution. Sugar-rich and alcoholic drinks also have very low micronutrient content; therefore do not contribute to the nutritional density of the diet. For these reasons sugar-rich and alcoholic drinks are often referred to as providing 'empty calories'. Reducing added sugars and increasing fruit and vegetable intake can also contribute to decreases in dietary energy density. Decreasing portion sizes can help decrease dietary energy density as, by definition, larger portion sizes provide more energy. Larger portion sizes are also associated with increased energy intake, as people don't feel full/satisfied relative to the amount eaten and they do not compensate by eating less later on in the day. We now live in a supersize culture and careful planning and restraint is often needed to reduce portion sizes. Increasing low energy dense foods, such as vegetables and/or fibre-rich carbohydrates will help to maintain satiety. A structured eating plan program can help to increase weight loss. People who eat a healthy breakfast tend to find it easier to control their weight and eating healthy snacks can help to reduce overeating at meal times.

Very low calorie diets :
Very low calorie diets are a very extreme form of nutritional management and should only be undertaken after seeking medical advice and under supervision. Weight losses are greater than those achieved on a conventional weight loss diet. There is little opportunity for the re-education of dietary habits and weight can be regained rapidly. However, this method can be affective in well motivated individuals.

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